Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

allowing little room for

  • 1 permitir

    v.
    1 to allow, to permit.
    permitir a alguien hacer algo to allow somebody to do something
    ¿me permite? may I?
    ¡no te permito que me hables así! I won't have you talking to me like that!
    si el tiempo lo permite weather permitting
    Le permití su celular I allowed him his cellular phone
    Ellos permiten el relajo They permit moral decline.
    Ella permite autos viejos She permits old cars.
    2 to allow, to enable (hacer posible).
    el cable permite enviar información a mayor velocidad cable allows o enables information to be sent faster
    El sistema permite la escritura The system enables scripture.
    3 to allow to, to enable to.
    María le permite a Ricardo firmar Mary allows Richard to sign.
    Ellos permiten pintar They allow to paint.
    * * *
    1 to allow, let
    1 to allow oneself, afford
    \
    ¿me permite? may I?
    si el tiempo lo permite weather permitting
    * * *
    verb
    to allow, permit
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=autorizar)
    a) [+ entrada, movimiento] to allow, permit más frm

    - no puedo abrir la puerta -permítame — "I can't open the door" - "allow me"

    si se me permite la expresión o la palabra — if you'll pardon the expression

    permitir que, no le permitas que te hable así — don't allow her to talk to you like that

    permítame que la ayude, señora — please allow me to help you, madam

    b) [en preguntas]

    ¿me permite? — [al entrar] may I (come in)?; [al pasar al lado de algn] excuse me, please; [al ayudar a algn] may I (help you)?

    ¿me permite su pasaporte, por favor? — may I see your passport please?

    ¿me permite que le diga una cosa? — may I say something to you?

    2) (=hacer posible) to allow, permit más frm

    permitir (a algn) hacer algo — to allow (sb) to do sth

    permitir que+ subjun to allow + infin

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( autorizar) to allow, permit (frml)

    no se permite la entrada a personas ajenas a la empresa — staff only, no entry to unauthorized persons

    ¿me permite? — (frml) may I?

    ¿me permite la palabra? — may I say something?

    b) (tolerar, consentir)

    permítame que le diga que... — with all due respect o if you don't mind me saying so...

    c) ( hacer posible) to make... possible
    2.
    permitirse v pron (refl)

    me permito dirigirme a Vd para... — (Corresp) I am writing to you to...

    * * *
    = allow, allow for, enable, give + licence, let, make + provision for, permit, provide, provide for, qualify for, allow + room for, empower, make + possible, leave + room for, provide + a basis for, grant.
    Ex. Folders allow a set of papers to be kept together when a set on a given topic is removed from the file.
    Ex. It also allows for and identifies three levels of detail which might be adopted in descriptive cataloguing.
    Ex. Equally, various trade directories and other lists need to list and organise names in a form that will enable a searcher to find information about an organisation or person.
    Ex. Through the employment of such implicitly derogatory terminology librarians virtually give themselves licence to disregard or downgrade the value of certain materials.
    Ex. If the user does not know what the answer is, he stops the command chain at that point, lets the system show an intermediate display for guidance, and then continues his work.
    Ex. In search interfaces, provision is often made for the specification of search terms which must be entered.
    Ex. The note area is the part of the description where it is permitted to include any additional information which the cataloguer feels may be of value to the user.
    Ex. To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex. Each card has a grid covering most of the body of the card which provides for the coding of document numbers.
    Ex. FIAC has drawn up a list of criteria to determine whether an advice centre qualifies for membership of the Federation.
    Ex. Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.
    Ex. This empowers them to control their lives and participate actively in the development of a just and peaceful society.
    Ex. Field searching: the ability to search for the occurrence of terms in specific fields within the record makes it possible to be more precise in searching.
    Ex. Pavements is included in the American sense; as Sidewalks does not rate a mention at all, this could leave room for ambiguity.
    Ex. This framework is designed to provide a basis both for identifying differences between firms and for thinking through the implications and likely outcomes of intervention both operationally and competitively.
    Ex. In the majority of cases, the indexer is granted considerable freedom of choice as to the citation order he adopts in the construction of compound class numbers.
    ----
    * cuando el tiempo lo permita = when the weather permits.
    * no permitir = disallow.
    * no poder permitirse = ill afford.
    * no poder permitirse el lujo de = ill afford.
    * permítanme que + Subjuntivo = let me try to + Infinitivo.
    * permitir apenas = leave + little room for.
    * permitir la posibilidad = afford + possibility, allow for.
    * permitir opinar sobre = give + Nombre + a say in.
    * permitir que + Nombre/Pronombre + Subjuntivo = have + Nombre + Verbo.
    * permitirse el lujo = have + luxury.
    * permitirse el lujo de = afford, splurge on.
    * que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.
    * si el tiempo lo permite = weather permitting.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( autorizar) to allow, permit (frml)

    no se permite la entrada a personas ajenas a la empresa — staff only, no entry to unauthorized persons

    ¿me permite? — (frml) may I?

    ¿me permite la palabra? — may I say something?

    b) (tolerar, consentir)

    permítame que le diga que... — with all due respect o if you don't mind me saying so...

    c) ( hacer posible) to make... possible
    2.
    permitirse v pron (refl)

    me permito dirigirme a Vd para... — (Corresp) I am writing to you to...

    * * *
    = allow, allow for, enable, give + licence, let, make + provision for, permit, provide, provide for, qualify for, allow + room for, empower, make + possible, leave + room for, provide + a basis for, grant.

    Ex: Folders allow a set of papers to be kept together when a set on a given topic is removed from the file.

    Ex: It also allows for and identifies three levels of detail which might be adopted in descriptive cataloguing.
    Ex: Equally, various trade directories and other lists need to list and organise names in a form that will enable a searcher to find information about an organisation or person.
    Ex: Through the employment of such implicitly derogatory terminology librarians virtually give themselves licence to disregard or downgrade the value of certain materials.
    Ex: If the user does not know what the answer is, he stops the command chain at that point, lets the system show an intermediate display for guidance, and then continues his work.
    Ex: In search interfaces, provision is often made for the specification of search terms which must be entered.
    Ex: The note area is the part of the description where it is permitted to include any additional information which the cataloguer feels may be of value to the user.
    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex: Each card has a grid covering most of the body of the card which provides for the coding of document numbers.
    Ex: FIAC has drawn up a list of criteria to determine whether an advice centre qualifies for membership of the Federation.
    Ex: Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.
    Ex: This empowers them to control their lives and participate actively in the development of a just and peaceful society.
    Ex: Field searching: the ability to search for the occurrence of terms in specific fields within the record makes it possible to be more precise in searching.
    Ex: Pavements is included in the American sense; as Sidewalks does not rate a mention at all, this could leave room for ambiguity.
    Ex: This framework is designed to provide a basis both for identifying differences between firms and for thinking through the implications and likely outcomes of intervention both operationally and competitively.
    Ex: In the majority of cases, the indexer is granted considerable freedom of choice as to the citation order he adopts in the construction of compound class numbers.
    * cuando el tiempo lo permita = when the weather permits.
    * no permitir = disallow.
    * no poder permitirse = ill afford.
    * no poder permitirse el lujo de = ill afford.
    * permítanme que + Subjuntivo = let me try to + Infinitivo.
    * permitir apenas = leave + little room for.
    * permitir la posibilidad = afford + possibility, allow for.
    * permitir opinar sobre = give + Nombre + a say in.
    * permitir que + Nombre/Pronombre + Subjuntivo = have + Nombre + Verbo.
    * permitirse el lujo = have + luxury.
    * permitirse el lujo de = afford, splurge on.
    * que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.
    * si el tiempo lo permite = weather permitting.

    * * *
    permitir [I1 ]
    vt
    1 (autorizar) to allow, permit ( frml)
    la ley no lo permite the law does not permit o allow it
    no van a permitir la entrada sin invitación they're not going to let people in without invitations
    no le permitieron ver a su esposa he was not allowed to see his wife
    no está permitido el uso de cámaras fotográficas en la sala the use of cameras is not permitted in the hall
    [ S ] no se permite la entrada a personas ajenas a la empresa staff only, no entry to unauthorized persons
    su título le permite ejercer la profesión her qualification allows her to practice the profession
    ¿me permite la palabra? may I say something?
    los síntomas permiten hablar de una enfermedad infecciosa the symptoms point to o indicate an infectious disease
    la autorización nos permitió tener acceso a los archivos the authorization gave us o allowed us to have access to the files
    su salud no le permite hacer ese tipo de viaje her health does not allow o permit her to undertake such a journey
    2
    (tolerar, consentir): no te permito que me hables en ese tono I won't have you taking that tone with me
    no permitiremos ninguna injerencia en nuestros asuntos we will not allow anyone to interfere in our affairs
    ¿me permite? — sí, por favor, siéntese ( frml); may I? — yes, please, do sit down
    permítame que le diga que está equivocado with all due respect o if you don't mind me saying so, I think you're mistaken
    si se me permite la expresión if you'll pardon the expression
    si el tiempo lo permite weather permitting
    ( refl):
    puede permitirse el lujo de no trabajar she can allow herself the luxury of not working
    no puedo permitirme tantos gastos I can't afford to spend so much money
    me permito dirigirme a Vd para … ( Corresp) I am writing to you to …
    me permito solicitar a Vd que … ( Corresp) I am writing to request that …
    se permite muchas confianzas con el jefe he's very familiar with the boss
    ¿cómo se permite hablarle así a una señora? how dare you speak to a lady like that?
    * * *

     

    permitir ( conjugate permitir) verbo transitivo
    a) ( autorizar) to allow, permit (frml);


    no van a permitirles la entrada they're not going to let them in;
    ¿me permite? (frml) may I?
    b) (tolerar, consentir):

    no te permito que me hables así I won't have you speak o I won't tolerate you speaking to me like that;

    si se me permite la expresión if you'll pardon the expression
    c) ( hacer posible) to enable, to make … possible;


    si el tiempo lo permite weather permitting
    permitirse verbo pronominal ( refl) to allow oneself;
    ( económicamente):
    puedo/no puedo permitirme ese lujo I can/can't afford that luxury

    permitir verbo transitivo
    1 to allow, permit: no le permitas ir, don't let him go
    no se permiten perros, no dogs allowed
    2 (consentir, tolerar) ¿me permite hablar?, may I speak?
    no permitiré que me insultes, I will not allow you to insult me
    si me permite, if you don't mind
    3 (hacer posible) to make possible

    ' permitir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abrir
    - admitir
    - calar
    - consentir
    - lujo
    - dejar
    - manera
    English:
    allow
    - ban
    - bar
    - enable
    - fail
    - let
    - permit
    - admit
    * * *
    vt
    1. [autorizar] to allow, to permit;
    permitir a alguien hacer algo to allow sb to do sth;
    ¿me permite? may I?;
    ¿me permite su carnet de conducir, por favor? may I see your Br driving licence o US driver's license, please?;
    permítele venir o [m5] que venga con nosotros let her come with us;
    permíteme que te ayude let me help you, allow me to help you;
    si el tiempo lo permite weather permitting;
    no permitas que te tomen el pelo don't let them mess you about;
    ¡no te permito que me hables así! I won't have you talking to me like that!;
    no se permite fumar [en letrero] no smoking;
    no se permite la entrada a menores de 18 años [en letrero] no entry for under 18s;
    sus padres no le permiten fumar en casa his parents don't allow him to o won't let him smoke at home
    2. [hacer posible] to allow, to enable;
    la nieve caída permitió abrir la estación de esquí the fallen snow allowed o enabled the ski resort to be opened;
    ese tractor permite roturar los campos más rápidamente with this tractor the fields can be ploughed more quickly;
    este modelo permite enviar y recibir faxes this model allows you to send and receive faxes;
    el cable permite enviar información a mayor velocidad cable allows o enables information to be sent faster
    * * *
    v/t permit, allow
    * * *
    : to permit, to allow
    * * *
    1. (autorizar) to allow / to let [pt. & pp. let]
    no me permiten fumar I'm not allowed to smoke / they don't let me smoke
    2. (posibilitar) to allow / to enable
    ¿me permite? may I?

    Spanish-English dictionary > permitir

  • 2 memorización

    f.
    memorization, memorizing.
    * * *
    1 memorizing
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino memorizing
    * * *
    = memorisation [memorization, -USA], rote learning.
    Ex. Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.
    Ex. Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.
    ----
    * aprendizaje basado en la memorización = rote learning.
    * * *
    femenino memorizing
    * * *
    = memorisation [memorization, -USA], rote learning.

    Ex: Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.

    Ex: Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.
    * aprendizaje basado en la memorización = rote learning.

    * * *
    memorizing, memorization
    * * *
    memorizing, memorization

    Spanish-English dictionary > memorización

  • 3 aprendizaje basado en la memorización

    Ex. Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.
    * * *

    Ex: Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.

    Spanish-English dictionary > aprendizaje basado en la memorización

  • 4 énfasis excesivo

    m. s.&pl.
    overemphasis.
    * * *
    (n.) = overemphasis [over-emphasis]
    Ex. Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.
    * * *
    (n.) = overemphasis [over-emphasis]

    Ex: Education in many developing countries is still dominated by an emphasis on memorization and rote learning, a central syllabus allowing little room for initiative, and an overemphasis on examinations and certificates.

    Spanish-English dictionary > énfasis excesivo

  • 5 guardar

    v.
    1 to keep.
    guarda el vestido en el armario she keeps the dress in the wardrobe
    ¡guarda los juguetes! put your toys away!
    guardo muy buenos recuerdos de mi infancia I have very good memories of my childhood
    Manolo guarda las fotos Manolo keeps the pictures.
    La beata guarda el día santo The pious woman keeps the holy day.
    2 to save.
    guarda un poco de pastel para tu hermano leave o save a bit of cake for your brother
    3 to keep watch over.
    4 to observe (observar) (ley, norma, fiesta).
    guardar cama to stay in bed
    guardar silencio to keep quiet
    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances
    5 to save (computing).
    6 to put away, to store, to tuck away.
    Ricardo guardó los juguetes Richard put away the toys.
    7 to shut in.
    Ricardo guardó el licor Richard shut the liquor in.
    8 to guard, to watch over.
    La policía guarda el edificio The police guards the building.
    * * *
    1 (cuidar) to keep, watch over, keep an eye on
    2 (conservar) to keep, hold
    3 (la ley) to observe, obey; (un secreto) to keep
    4 (poner en un sitio) to put away
    5 (reservar) to save, keep
    6 (proteger) to protect, save
    ¡Dios salve al rey! God save the King!
    7 INFORMÁTICA to save
    8 guardarse de (precaverse, evitar) to guard against, avoid, be careful not to
    \
    guardar cola to queue up, US wait in line
    guardar conexión con to be connected with
    guardar la derecha to keep to the right
    guardar las formas to be polite
    guardar parecido con to be similar to
    guardar relación con to be related to
    guardar rencor to harbour resentment (a, against)
    guardársela a alguien figurado to have it in for somebody
    * * *
    verb
    2) keep
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ objetos]
    a) (=meter) [en un lugar] to put; [en su sitio] to put away

    si no vas a jugar más, guarda los juguetes — if you're not going to play any more, put the toys away

    b) (=conservar) to keep

    no tira nunca nada, todo lo guarda — he never throws anything away, he hangs on to o keeps everything

    guardar algo para sí — to keep sth for o.s.

    c) (=reservar) to save

    te guardaré un poco de tarta para cuando vengasI'll save o keep you a bit of cake for when you come

    guárdame un par de entradashold o save me a couple of tickets, put aside a couple of tickets for me

    ¿puedes guardarme el sitio en la cola? — can you keep my place in the queue?

    puedo guardarle la habitación solo hasta mañanaI can only keep o hold the room for you till tomorrow

    d) (Inform) [+ archivo] to save
    2) (=mantener) [+ promesa, secreto] to keep; [+ recuerdo] to have

    guardar el anonimatoto remain anonymous

    guardar la calma[en crisis, desastre] to keep calm; [ante una provocación] to remain composed

    guardar las formasto keep up appearances

    guardar la línea(=mantenerla) to keep one's figure; (=cuidarla) to watch one's figure

    guardar en secreto[+ objeto, documento] to keep in secret, keep secretly; [+ actividad, información] to keep secret

    cama 1), silencio 1., 1)
    3) (=tener) [+ relación] to bear; [+ semejanza] to have
    4) (=sentir) [+ rencor] to bear, have; [+ respeto] to have, show

    no le guardo rencor — I have no ill feeling towards him, I bear him no resentment

    5) (=cumplir) [+ ley] to observe
    6) (=cuidar) to guard

    guardar a algn de algo — to protect sb from sth

    ¡ Dios guarde a la Reina! — God save the Queen!

    ¡Dios os guarde! — †† may God be with you!

    2.
    VI

    ¡guarda! — Arg, Chile * look out!, watch out!

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( reservar) to save

    guarda esa botella para Navidadkeep o save that bottle for Christmas

    2)
    a) ( poner en un lugar) <juguetes/libros> to put... away
    b) (conservar, mantener en un lugar) to keep
    3) (liter) (defender, proteger)
    4) < secreto> to keep
    5)
    a) (mostrar, manifestar)
    b) <leyes/fiestas> to observe
    2.
    guardarse v pron
    1) ( quedarse con) to keep
    2) ( reservar) to save, keep
    4) ( cuidarse)

    guardarse de + inf — to be careful not to + inf

    * * *
    = file, house, keep, save, store, store away, guard (against), pack up, lodge, stand + guard over, squirrel away, put away, stow, stash, have in + store, pack, stash away, cache.
    Ex. File boxes can be used and filed on shelves, if appropriate, interfiled with the books.
    Ex. The shared systems are run on an IBM 4341 computer housed at BLCMP.
    Ex. Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex. Whenever this code is entered, the system saves the document or list of documents being displayed and displays a summary of the documents saved up to that point.
    Ex. The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex. This chain will not be processed, but will be stored away for later use.
    Ex. The article 'Sealing criminal history records: shall we let the fox guard the henhouse in the name of privacy?' has once again raised the debate on the consequences of allowing press and public to view such data.
    Ex. Unless the distance was short, the books travelled in sheets, unbound, packed up in chests or barrels.
    Ex. The actual report has been lodged at the British Library but has not been published.
    Ex. Librarians are doomed if they are seen by their patrons as standing guard over information and seemingly barring access to it.
    Ex. The more which can be digitized, and the more rapidly, the more which then can be squirreled away into atmospherically-controlled & inexpensive archives.
    Ex. She took all photos, sorted them out, stuffed them into boxes, and put them away in storage.
    Ex. It is a matter of basic safety for everyone on board, before casting off in the morning for that next heavenly anchorage, to see that everything be properly stowed and secured.
    Ex. When I went to the little boys/girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.
    Ex. The killing was committed in the traditional and extremely gruesome way Islam has in store for women accused of adultery: she was stoned to death.
    Ex. After various selection processes, the books are sorted into broad general categories and packed into consignments of up to 5,000 books.
    Ex. Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex. Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    ----
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = heaven forbid.
    * acción de guardar documentos = save.
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = God forbid.
    * fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.
    * guardar Algo para otra vez = save for + a rainy day.
    * guardar bajo llave = keep under + lock and key.
    * guardar celosamente = guard + zealously.
    * guardar como un tesoro = treasure.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).
    * guardar en reserva = keep in + reserve, hold in + reserve.
    * guardar en secreto = keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * guardar la compostura = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * guardar las apariencias = preserve + appearance, keep up + appearances.
    * guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.
    * guardar los resultados de una búsqueda en un fichero = store + search results + in disc file.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * guardar paralelismo = have + parallel.
    * guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.
    * guardar rencor = bear + a grudge, harbour + resentment, carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardar rencor (hacia) = bear + ill will (toward).
    * guardar resentimiento = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardarse = keep for + Reflexivo, be on guard (against).
    * guardarse Algo para Uno Mismo = keep + Nombre + to + Reflexivo.
    * guardarse de = beware (of/that), be shy of + Gerundio.
    * guardárselas a Alguien = hold + it against.
    * guardar silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * guardar sorpresas = hold + surprises.
    * guardar una búsqueda en disco = save + Posesivo + search + to disc.
    * guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.
    * guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.
    * guardar un secreto = keep + a secret.
    * hacer guardar silencio = shush.
    * no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.
    * porche para guardar el coche = car port.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * quien guarda, halla = waste not, want not.
    * sin guardar una correlación = uncorrelated.
    * volver a guardar = rehouse [re-house].
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( reservar) to save

    guarda esa botella para Navidadkeep o save that bottle for Christmas

    2)
    a) ( poner en un lugar) <juguetes/libros> to put... away
    b) (conservar, mantener en un lugar) to keep
    3) (liter) (defender, proteger)
    4) < secreto> to keep
    5)
    a) (mostrar, manifestar)
    b) <leyes/fiestas> to observe
    2.
    guardarse v pron
    1) ( quedarse con) to keep
    2) ( reservar) to save, keep
    4) ( cuidarse)

    guardarse de + inf — to be careful not to + inf

    * * *
    = file, house, keep, save, store, store away, guard (against), pack up, lodge, stand + guard over, squirrel away, put away, stow, stash, have in + store, pack, stash away, cache.

    Ex: File boxes can be used and filed on shelves, if appropriate, interfiled with the books.

    Ex: The shared systems are run on an IBM 4341 computer housed at BLCMP.
    Ex: Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.
    Ex: Whenever this code is entered, the system saves the document or list of documents being displayed and displays a summary of the documents saved up to that point.
    Ex: The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.
    Ex: This chain will not be processed, but will be stored away for later use.
    Ex: The article 'Sealing criminal history records: shall we let the fox guard the henhouse in the name of privacy?' has once again raised the debate on the consequences of allowing press and public to view such data.
    Ex: Unless the distance was short, the books travelled in sheets, unbound, packed up in chests or barrels.
    Ex: The actual report has been lodged at the British Library but has not been published.
    Ex: Librarians are doomed if they are seen by their patrons as standing guard over information and seemingly barring access to it.
    Ex: The more which can be digitized, and the more rapidly, the more which then can be squirreled away into atmospherically-controlled & inexpensive archives.
    Ex: She took all photos, sorted them out, stuffed them into boxes, and put them away in storage.
    Ex: It is a matter of basic safety for everyone on board, before casting off in the morning for that next heavenly anchorage, to see that everything be properly stowed and secured.
    Ex: When I went to the little boys/girls room to relieve myself I was suprised to see the amount of loo rolls stashed in the corner.
    Ex: The killing was committed in the traditional and extremely gruesome way Islam has in store for women accused of adultery: she was stoned to death.
    Ex: After various selection processes, the books are sorted into broad general categories and packed into consignments of up to 5,000 books.
    Ex: Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex: Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = heaven forbid.
    * acción de guardar documentos = save.
    * ¡el Cielo nos guarde! = God forbid.
    * fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.
    * guardar Algo para otra vez = save for + a rainy day.
    * guardar bajo llave = keep under + lock and key.
    * guardar celosamente = guard + zealously.
    * guardar como un tesoro = treasure.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).
    * guardar en reserva = keep in + reserve, hold in + reserve.
    * guardar en secreto = keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.
    * guardar la compostura = keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * guardar las apariencias = preserve + appearance, keep up + appearances.
    * guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.
    * guardar los resultados de una búsqueda en un fichero = store + search results + in disc file.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * guardar paralelismo = have + parallel.
    * guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.
    * guardar rencor = bear + a grudge, harbour + resentment, carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardar rencor (hacia) = bear + ill will (toward).
    * guardar resentimiento = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.
    * guardarse = keep for + Reflexivo, be on guard (against).
    * guardarse Algo para Uno Mismo = keep + Nombre + to + Reflexivo.
    * guardarse de = beware (of/that), be shy of + Gerundio.
    * guardárselas a Alguien = hold + it against.
    * guardar silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.
    * guardar sorpresas = hold + surprises.
    * guardar una búsqueda en disco = save + Posesivo + search + to disc.
    * guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.
    * guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.
    * guardar un secreto = keep + a secret.
    * hacer guardar silencio = shush.
    * no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.
    * porche para guardar el coche = car port.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * quien guarda, halla = waste not, want not.
    * sin guardar una correlación = uncorrelated.
    * volver a guardar = rehouse [re-house].

    * * *
    guardar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    (reservar): guárdale un pedazo de pastel save him a piece of cake
    guarda esa botella para Nochevieja keep o save that bottle for New Year's Eve, put that bottle aside for New Year's Eve
    guárdame un sitio save me a seat, keep me a place
    si pido la excedencia, no me guardan el puesto if I ask for leave of absence, they won't keep o hold my job open for me
    B
    1 (poner en un lugar) to put … away
    guarda los juguetes put your toys away
    los guardé en un sitio seguro I put them (away) in a safe place
    ya he guardado toda la ropa de invierno I've already put away all my winter clothes
    guarda todos los recibos she keeps o ( colloq) hangs on to all her receipts
    2 (conservar, mantener en un lugar) to keep
    guardo los huevos en la nevera I keep the eggs in the fridge
    lo tuvo guardado durante años she kept it for years
    los tengo guardados en el desván I've got them stored away o I've got them in the attic
    siempre guarda las medicinas bajo llave she always keeps the medicines locked away o under lock and key
    los tesoros que guarda el mar ( liter); the treasures which lie hidden beneath the waves ( liter)
    C ( liter)
    (defender, proteger): la muralla que guarda el castillo the walls which defend o protect the castle
    los perros guardaban la entrada a la mansión the dogs were guarding the entrance to the mansion
    Dios guarde al rey ( fr hecha); God save the King
    Dios guarde a Vd muchos años ( frml); ≈ yours respectfully ( frml), may God preserve you ( arch)
    D ‹secreto› to keep
    no le guardo ningún rencor I don't bear a grudge against o feel any resentment toward(s) him
    guardo muy buenos recuerdos de aquel viaje I have very good memories of that trip
    ¡ésta se la guardo! ( fam); I'll remember this!, I won't forget this!
    E
    1
    (mostrar, manifestar): le guardaron el debido respeto he was treated with due respect
    hay que guardar la debida compostura en la Iglesia you must show proper respect when in church
    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances
    2 ‹leyes/fiestas› to observe fiesta
    A (quedarse con) to keep
    guárdate tus consejos keep your advice to yourself
    B ( enf) (reservar) to save, keep
    C
    (poner en un lugar): se guardó el cheque en el bolsillo he put the check (away) in his pocket
    guárdatelo bien put it somewhere safe o look after it carefully
    D (cuidarse) guardarse DE + INF to be careful not to + INF
    se guardó mucho de mostrarles el documento she was very careful not to show them the document
    ya te guardarás de contar lo que pasó you'd better not tell anyone o you'd better make sure you don't tell anyone what happened
    * * *

     

    guardar ( conjugate guardar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( reservar) to save, keep;
    guarda algo para después save o keep sth for later

    2
    a) ( poner en un lugar) ‹juguetes/librosto put … away;


    b) (conservar, mantener) to keep;


    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances
    c) secreto to keep;

    rencor to bear, harbor( conjugate harbor);

    guardarse verbo pronominal
    1


    2 ( poner en un lugar):

    guardar verbo transitivo
    1 (preservar) to keep: ¿puedes guardármelo?, can you look after it for me?
    todavía guardo sus cosas, I still keep his things
    2 (un secreto, recuerdo) to keep: guardaron silencio, they remained silent
    guardemos un minuto de silencio, let's observe a minute's silence
    guarden silencio, por favor, be quiet, please
    3 (en un sitio) to put away: guarda las tazas en ese armario, put the cups away in that cupboard
    4 (reservar) to keep
    5 Inform to save
    ♦ Locuciones: guardar cama, to stay in bed
    ' guardar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apariencia
    - apartar
    - arca
    - archivar
    - ayuno
    - cama
    - conservar
    - continencia
    - forma
    - recoger
    - rencor
    - reposo
    - reservar
    - rincón
    - secreta
    - secreto
    - callar
    - compostura
    - dejar
    - huevera
    - panera
    - separar
    - silencio
    English:
    aside
    - commensurate
    - cookie jar
    - counsel
    - distance
    - file
    - hold
    - hold against
    - house
    - keep
    - lay up
    - leave out
    - lock away
    - maintain
    - observe
    - pack away
    - pertinent
    - reminiscent
    - retain
    - save
    - secret
    - set aside
    - silent
    - skeleton
    - stay
    - storage space
    - store
    - stow
    - treasure
    - wrap
    - appearance
    - bread
    - cake
    - convenient
    - face
    - guard
    - hang
    - harbor
    - holy
    - leave
    - lock
    - mind
    - put
    - reserve
    - set
    - storage
    * * *
    vt
    1. [conservar] to keep;
    guarda el vestido en el armario she keeps the dress in the wardrobe;
    esta caja guarda documentos muy antiguos this box contains some very old documents;
    guardo muy buenos recuerdos de mi infancia I have very good memories of my childhood
    2. [poner en su sitio] to put away;
    ¡guarda los juguetes! put your toys away!
    3. [vigilar] to keep watch over;
    [proteger] to guard;
    guarda un rebaño de ovejas he tends a flock of sheep;
    el perro guarda la casa the dog guards the house;
    guarda a tu hijo del peligro keep your child away from danger;
    ¡Dios guarde al rey! God save the King!
    4. [mantener] [secreto, promesa] to keep;
    guardó su palabra she kept her word;
    guardar cama to stay in bed;
    guardar silencio to keep quiet;
    guardar las apariencias to keep up appearances;
    también Fig
    guardar las distancias to keep one's distance
    5. [reservar, ahorrar] to save (a o para alguien for sb);
    ¿me guardas un sitio? will you save a place for me?;
    guarda un poco de pastel para tu hermano leave o save a bit of cake for your brother;
    he guardado parte de la paga para las vacaciones I've put by o saved part of my wages for my Br holidays o US vacation;
    el carnicero siempre me guarda la mejor carne the butcher always saves o keeps the best meat for me
    6. [observar] [ley, norma, fiesta] to observe
    7. Informát to save;
    guardar cambios to save changes
    * * *
    v/t
    1 keep;
    guardar silencio remain silent, keep silent
    2 poner en un lugar put (away)
    3 recuerdo have
    4 apariencias keep up
    5 INFOR save
    6
    :
    guardar cama stay in bed
    * * *
    1) : to guard
    2) : to maintain, to preserve
    3) conservar: to put away
    4) reservar: to save
    5) : to keep (a secret or promise)
    * * *
    1. (en general) to keep [pt. & pp. kept]
    ¿sabes guardar un secreto? can you keep a secret?
    2. (recoger) to put away [pt. & pp. put]
    3. (meter) to put
    4. (reservar) to save / to keep
    ¿me guardas un sitio? will you save me a seat?
    guardar rencor a alguien to bear somebody a grudge [pt. bore; pp. borne]

    Spanish-English dictionary > guardar

  • 6 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

    1. modular data center

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

  • 7 iluminar

    v.
    1 to illuminate, to light up (dar luz a).
    los focos que iluminan la iglesia the floodlights which light up the church
    El neón iluminó las calles The neon illuminated the streets.
    2 to light up (adornar con luces).
    iluminan el castillo por la noche the castle is lit up at night
    3 to enlighten (religion).
    Sus escritos iluminaron al hombre His writings enlightened the man.
    4 to give light.
    la lámpara ilumina muy poco the lamp doesn't give much light
    5 to clarify, to shed light on, to shed light upon, to elucidate.
    La evidencia iluminó el caso The evidence clarified the case.
    * * *
    1 to light, light up
    2 (manuscrito) to illuminate
    3 figurado to enlighten
    * * *
    verb
    to illuminate, light
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ cuarto, calle, ciudad] to light; [+ estadio, edificio, monumento] to light up
    2) [+ grabado, ilustración] to illuminate
    3) [+ teoría, tesis] to illustrate
    4) (Rel) to enlighten
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < calles> to light, illuminate; < monumento> to illuminate; < escenario> to light
    b) ( con focos muy potentes) < estadio> to floodlight
    c) <rostro/ojos> (liter) to light up
    2) (Relig) to enlighten
    3) < grabado> to illuminate
    2.
    iluminarse v pron cara/ojos to light up
    * * *
    = illuminate, floodlight, light up, brighten up.
    Ex. Plenty of light, with a display spotlight if possible, should illuminate the exhibition (a number of inexpensive, safe little spotlights intended for the job are now on the market).
    Ex. The local authorities have decided to floodlight the library at night to discourage vandalism.
    Ex. These flares light up the surrounding area in a yellowish red glow for a short period of time, allowing you to see better.
    Ex. The short, dreary days of winter are a good time to think about adding skylights to brighten up dark rooms.
    ----
    * caja para iluminar diapositivas = light box [light-box].
    * iluminar con focos = floodlight.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < calles> to light, illuminate; < monumento> to illuminate; < escenario> to light
    b) ( con focos muy potentes) < estadio> to floodlight
    c) <rostro/ojos> (liter) to light up
    2) (Relig) to enlighten
    3) < grabado> to illuminate
    2.
    iluminarse v pron cara/ojos to light up
    * * *
    = illuminate, floodlight, light up, brighten up.

    Ex: Plenty of light, with a display spotlight if possible, should illuminate the exhibition (a number of inexpensive, safe little spotlights intended for the job are now on the market).

    Ex: The local authorities have decided to floodlight the library at night to discourage vandalism.
    Ex: These flares light up the surrounding area in a yellowish red glow for a short period of time, allowing you to see better.
    Ex: The short, dreary days of winter are a good time to think about adding skylights to brighten up dark rooms.
    * caja para iluminar diapositivas = light box [light-box].
    * iluminar con focos = floodlight.

    * * *
    iluminar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹calles› to light, illuminate; ‹monumento› to illuminate, light up; ‹escenario› to light
    un patio iluminado por la luz de la luna a patio bathed in moonlight, a moonlit patio
    una tenue luz iluminaba la habitación a pale light filled o lit the room
    2 (con focos muy potentes) ‹estadio› to floodlight
    3 ‹rostro/ojos› ( liter); to light up
    una sonrisa iluminó su rostro a smile lit up her face
    la alegría iluminó su cara his face lit up with joy
    B ( Relig) to enlighten
    C ‹grabado› to illuminate
    «cara/ojos» to light up
    * * *

    iluminar ( conjugate iluminar) verbo transitivo

    monumento to illuminate;
    escenario to light

    c)rostro/ojos› (liter) to light up

    iluminar verbo transitivo
    1 to illuminate, light (up)
    2 fig (enseñar) to enlighten
    (esclarecer) to throw light upon
    3 Arte (un manuscrito) illuminate
    ' iluminar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alumbrar
    English:
    enlighten
    - illuminate
    - light
    - light up
    - lighten
    - brighten
    - floodlight
    * * *
    vt
    1. [dar luz a] to illuminate, to light;
    la antorcha iluminaba la cueva the torch lit up the cave;
    los focos que iluminan la iglesia the floodlights which light up the church
    2. [adornar con luces] to light up;
    en Navidad iluminan el centro de la ciudad con luces at Christmas they light up Br the city centre o US downtown;
    iluminan el castillo por la noche the castle is lit up at night
    3. [grabado, códice] to illuminate
    4. Rel to enlighten
    vi
    to give light;
    la lámpara ilumina muy poco the lamp doesn't give much light
    * * *
    v/t edificio, calle etc light, illuminate; monumento light up, illuminate; fig
    light up
    * * *
    1) : to illuminate, to light (up)
    2) : to enlighten
    * * *
    iluminar vb to light [pt. & pp. lit]

    Spanish-English dictionary > iluminar

  • 8 Hyatt, John Wesley

    [br]
    b. 28 November 1837 Starkey, New York, USA
    d. 10 May 1920 Short Hills, New Jersey, USA
    [br]
    American inventor and the first successful manufacturer of celluloid.
    [br]
    Leaving school at the age of 16, Hyatt spent ten years in the printing trade, demonstrating meanwhile a talent for invention. The offer of a prize of $10,000 for finding a substitute for ivory billiard balls stimulated Hyatt to experiment with various materials. After many failures, he arrived at a composition of paper flock, shellac and collodion, which was widely adopted. Noting the "skin" left after evaporating collodion, he continued his experiments, using nitrocellulose as a base for plastic materials, yet he remained largely ignorant of both chemistry and the dangers of this explosive substance. Independently of Parkes in England, he found that a mixture of nitrocellulose, camphor and a little alcohol could, by heating, be made soft enough to mould but became hard at room temperature. Hyatt's first patent for the material, celluloid, was dated 12 July 1870 (US pat. 105338) and was followed by many others for making domestic and decorative articles of celluloid, replacing more expensive natural materials. Manufacture began at Albany in the winter of 1872–3. In 1881 Hyatt and his brother Isiah Smith floated the Hyatt Pure Water Company. By introducing purifying coagulants into flowing water, they avoided the expense and delay of allowing the water to settle in large tanks before filtration. Many towns and paper and woollen mills adopted the new process, and in 1891 it was introduced into Europe. During 1891–2, Hyatt devised a widely used type of roller bearing. Later inventions included a sugar-cane mill, a multistitch sewing machine and a mill for the cold rolling and straightening of steel shafts. It was characteristic of Hyatt's varied inventions that they achieved improved results at less expense.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Society of Chemical Industry Perkin Medal 1914.
    Bibliography
    12 July 1870, US patent no. 105,338 (celluloid).
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1920, Chem. Metal. Eng. (19 May).
    J. Soc. Chem. Ind. for 16 March 1914 and J. Ind. Eng. Chem. for March 1914 carried accounts of Hyatt's achievements, on the occasion of his award of the Perkin Medal of the Society of Chemical Industry in that year.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Hyatt, John Wesley

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